Det amerikanske demokrati og præsidentvalget 2016 (Samfundsfag A)
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Skematisk oversigt over undervisningsforløbet ”Det amerikanske præsidentvalg”
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text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l1:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:198.0pt; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l1:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:234.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l1:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:270.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l1:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:306.0pt; text-indent:-9.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> Eleverne præsenteres i denne første lektion om det amerikanske præsidentvalg for følgende; a) Hvem er de to præsidentkandidater? b) Hvem er de to vicepræsidentkandidater og hvor kommer de fra? c) Hvilke to partier repræsenterer henholdsvis præsident- og vicepræsidentkandidaterne? d) Hvad er præsidentkandidaternes politiske holdninger. Nedenstående emner, de såkaldte campaign issues, kan nævnes som mulige emner for eleverne, men det er tanken, at det skal være eleverne selv, der undersøger og udvælger centrale emner i valgkampen (induktiv tilgang) 1. The Economy 2. Health Care 3. Education 4. Immigration 5. Abortion 6. Foreign Policy (brug link til CNN) e) Hvordan portrætterer præsidentkandidaterne sig selv? f) Hvordan portrætterer kandidaterne hinanden? g) Hvilken præsidentkandidat er du mest enig med? På CNNs hjemmeside er der lavet en såkaldt ”matchmaker”, hvor man kan finde ud af hvilken af de tre kandidater, som man er mest enig med. | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> Eleverne skal i denne lektion arbejde med CNN’s officielle ”CNN Politics” hjemmeside om det amerikanske præsidentvalg På denne hjemmeside er det let at identificere de to præsidentkandidaters holdninger til en række politiske emner, hvilket vil hjælpe eleverne til at se de ligheder og forskelle der er mellem henholdsvis Clinton, Johnson og Trumps politik. Eleverne skal desuden se og analysere dele af de to kandidaters forskellige måder at fremstille sig selv og modparten på i medierne (film) Hillary R. Clinton:
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| <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> I denne og de kommende timer arbejder eleverne med følgende overordnede problemformulering ”Hvilke værdier præger det amerikanske samfund og hvorledes er disse afspejlet i indretningen af det demokratiske politiske system?” Grp. 1: skal læse afsnit 1.1 (s.14-19 frem til afsnit 1.2) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene Hvad er USA?, Hvor og hvordan kan vi se forskellene? Hvorfor kalder man bestemte områder for eksempelvis rustbæltet osv.? Grp. 2: skal læse afsnit 1.2 (s.19-24 dog ikke tekstboks 1.2 s.22) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene hvad menes med at USA er et indvandringsland? Hvorfor taler man om fire indvandringsbølger og hvornår var disse bølger – er der ikke fortsat stor indvandring til USA? Hvordan ser USA's befolkning ud, hvis vi kigger på tallene (brug figur 1.2 og husk at den ikke summerer til 100, da fx latinoer både kan tælle med og ikke med i kategorien hvide. Det afhænger af opgørelsesmetoden. Grp. 3: skal læse tekstboks 1.2 s.22 og tekstboks 1.5 s.36-37. og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.5 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene hvad betyder integration?, Hvad er forskellen på henholdsvis ”the Melting Pot” integration og ”Salad Bowl integration” (her skal gruppen forklare hvad henholdsvis assimilation, pluralistisk integration og segregation betyder. Hvad er civil religion og hvordan ser vi den dagligt udtrykt i det amerikanske samfund? Grp. 4: skal læse s.24-28 (til afsnittet om immigrant..) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene Hvad viser Hofstedes løgmodel (figur 1.4)?, Hvordan kan en mindetavle på en brandstation i New York City være udtryk for noget særligt amerikansk? Hvad menes med ordet værdiforestilling og hvilke værdiforestillinger spiller ifølge James McElroy en stor rolle i det amerikanske samfund? Kan man tale om, at der er en national identitet i USA? Grp. 5: skal læse s.28-31 (til de amerikanske…) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene Hvordan afspejles de tre værdiforestillinger (immigrant, religiøs og frontier værdiforestillingerne) sig i amerikansk historie og det amerikanske samfund i dag – her skal gruppen forsøge at komme med egne eksempler (gerne i form af billeder, symboler, ritualer eller tekstuddrag), Hvad menes med begrebet exceptionalismen, og hvilken rolle spiller exceptionalismen i amerikanske kultur og samfund? Grp. 6: skal læse s.32-35 (til afsnittet forfatningens mange funktioner) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene, Hvad handler den amerikanske drøm om? Hvad er uafhængighedserklæringen? Hvad indeholder den amerikanske forfatning (brug figur 1.7). Grp.7: skal læse s.35-40 (de sidste sider i kapitel 1) og får til opgave at udarbejde en kort præsentation (ca.3-4 minutter) vedr. spørgsmålene Hvad er the Bill of Rights? Hvilke funktioner har den amerikanske forfatning i det amerikanske samfund? Hvad kan siges at udgøre sammenhængskraften og den amerikanske national identitet (brug figur 1.8). Eleverne starter med at udarbejde præsentationer, hvor de svarer på de konkret stillede opgaver. Dernæst blandes grupperne således der er repræsentanter for alle grupper. Der afsættes ca.55 min til udarbejdelse af præsentationer samt præsentationer.Eleverne tager noter til de forskellige oplæg. | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> Lektien:
Forud for timen er eleverne blevet inddelt i et passende antal grupper (6 grupper). Hver af disse grupper har fået tildelt et område og et antal sider, som de skal have læst jf. kolonnen til venstre. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> ”Hvilke værdier præger det amerikanske samfund, og hvorledes er disse afspejlet i indretningen af det demokratiske politiske system?” De to timer starter med, at vi kort samler op på elevernes arbejde med de amerikanske værdier fra forrige time. Det sker ved, at eleverne individuelt besvarer et lille begrebsskema (5-6 min. hurtigskrivning)
Dernæst diskuterer vi i fællesskab, hvad der menes med de forskellige centrale begreber, ligesom vi vender nogle af de ting, som evt. fortsat kan være lidt svære at få styr på. (10 min.) Dernæst bevæger vi os over til arbejdet med centrale kendetegn ved det amerikanske politiske system og demokrati. I første omgang taler vi i klassen om følgende spørgsmål, som eleverne med fordel kan have forberedt sig på hjemmefra (en art tjek-på-lektien spørgsmål)
(varighed af denne sekvens ca.25 min.) Herefter indlægges en læsepause, hvor eleverne læser tekstboks 2.2 s.48-50. Eleverne skal i forbindelse med læsningen af denne tekstboks kunne besvare følgende (tekstnære) spørgsmål. 1.Hvad er et konkurrencedemokrati? 2.Hvad er et deltagelsesdemokrati? 3.Hvorfor var James Madison interesseret i ”divided government”? 4.Hvad er en pluralistisk demokratiopfattelse? 5.Hvad er en elitær demokratiopfattelse? 6.Hvorfor kan man med rette sige, at vi kan finde både den pluralistiske og elitære demokratiopfattelse i det amerikanske politiske system? 7.Forklar figur 2.5 med brug af C.Wright Mills og Joseph Schumpeter. Eleverne svarer på disse tekstnære spørgsmål, samtidigt med at de læser dem. Derefter opsamling i klassen (25 min). Eleverne går sammen i grupper af 3, og ser en række udvalgte interview-film med henholdsvis Professor Francis Fukuyama og Professor Larry Diamond omhandlende dels hvad et demokrati er og hvad man kan betegne demokratiske værdier, dels hvilke udfordringer det amerikanske politiske system står over for. Filmene findes ved at klikke på fanebladet interviewfilm på bogens hjemmeside. Eleverne skal herefter se de to forskellig interviewfilm med henholdsvis Francis Fukuyama (film 1) og Larry Diamond (film 2). De skal finde ud af, hvad der ifølge de to herrer kendetegner et demokrati samt hvilke værdier som demokratiet bygger på. Dernæst skal eleverne diskutere hvorvidt de mener, at USA's politiske system lever op til disse kriterier for et demokrati. Eleverne må naturligvis også gerne diskutere om de synes, at det danske demokrati lever op til disse idealer. Hvis man synes, at der skulle være tid til det, så kan man gøre brug af denne artikel fra Huffington Post d.2.5.2015 af Jay Mandle ”The Erosion of Democracy” | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; 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Øvrige materialer som bringes i spil i de to timer vil være
The Erosion of Democray, af Jay Mandle, Huffington Post, d.2.5.2015. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; 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| <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> I denne og de kommende timer (lektionerne 5-9) arbejder eleverne med følgende overordnede problemformulering (fokus er primært på USA, men det danske politiske system trækkes ofte frem som sammenligningspunkt. ”Hvorledes er det danske og amerikanske politiske system indrettet og hvordan træffes politiske beslutninger i henholdsvis Danmark og USA?” Sammenligning og diskussion af USA's og Danmarks politiske systemer. Sammenlign de to systemer
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Dernæst diskuteres med et andet par, hvilke af de to politiske systemer som er mest demokratiske. I den forbindelse skal diskussionerne inddrage og besvare spørgsmålet ”Hvad er et sundt demokrati?” – herunder diskutere fordele og ulemper ved checks and balances princippet. I diskussionerne skal I inddrage konkrete eksempler, der understøtter henholdsvis det positive og problematiske ved denne (checks and balances) politiske magtorganisering. Før end eleverne kan besvare om det ene system er bedre end det andet. Der afsluttes med en fælles klassediskussion, hvor eleverne præsenterer og debatterer hinandens svar. I de samme grupper af 4 personer skal eleverne nu sammenligne henholdsvis danskernes og amerikanernes holdninger til deres folkevalgte politikere.
Man kan gøre brug af følgende links til at indhente data omkring amerikanernes og danskernes holdning til politikerne. Når eleverne skal arbejde på at finde løsninger på den massive mistillid til politikerne kan det være en god Ide at se interview-filmen med Professor Larry DIamond , hvor han kommer med konkrete anvisninger på, hvad man kan gøre for at styrke den demokratiske dialog og proces. Interview-filmen findes ved at klikke på følgende linkog ved at klikke på fanebladet interview-film. I en dansk kontekst kan det være en mulighed at blive inspireret af denne artikel | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; 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I lektionen skal eleverne arbejde med den politiske styreform og sammenligninger mellem DK og USA. De skal dels kunne bestemme og forklare den korrekte politiske styreform i de to lande dels forholde sig til, hvilken eller hvilke demokratiopfattelser, som præger den amerikanske og danske styreform. Desuden kigger vi i lektionen på det meget vigtige politiske magtprincip i det amerikanske politiske system ”checks and balances”, og eleverne skal diskutere dels, hvorfor det er så centralt i USA, dels om der ikke også er checks and balances i det danske demokratiske politiske system. USA bogens figur 2.7 skal inddrages. Det er desuden en god ide, at inddrage G. Friisbergs figur 3.1 s.42 i bogen Politik ABC, Columbus 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:146.2pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:182.2pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:218.2pt; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:254.2pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:290.2pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:326.2pt; text-indent:-9.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --></style> 1.Kendskab til Præsidenten (den udøvende magt) 2.Kendskab til Kongressen (den lovgivende magt) 3. Kendskab til Højesteret (den lovgivende magt) | <style><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; 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I grupperne udarbejdes nu en præsentation af den statsmagt, som de har fået tildelt. Præsentationen skal basere sig på de spørgsmål, som eleverne stiller til statsmagten fx hvilken statsmagt er Præsidenten, hvilke funktioner har Kongressen osv. Præsentationerne skal vare ca.5-7 minutter. Eleverne får ca.20 minutter til at udarbejde præsentationen og herefter inddeles de 6 grupper i 3 nye grupper (1+2+3) og (4+5+6) og lytter til hinanden præsentationer. Når præsentationerne er ovre samles alle i klassen, hvor der afholdes en Q&A sekvens med grundlæggende spørgsmål omhandlende de tre statsmagter (tjek-på-lektien spørgsmål) samt en diskussion om hvilken af de tre statsmagter der har mest magt i det amerikanske politiske system
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Eleverne inddeles i 6 lige store grupper og herefter fordeles teksten ud på de 6 grupper. Gruppe 1+6: læser s.51-59 vedr. Præsidenten (udøvende magt) Gruppe 2+4: Læser s.60-63 om Kongressen (lovgivende magt) Gruppe 3+5: Læser s.63-68 vedr. Højesteret (dømmende magt) Timen kunne(bør)afrundes med en lille skriftlig øvelse, hvor eleverne får stillet opgaven ”skriv et kort debatindlæg, hvor du argumenterer for, at den pluralistiske demokratiopfattelse altid skal dominere i et demokratisk politisk system” Det skriftlige indlæg præsenteres bagefter i en gruppe – som læreren har lavet. Elevernes fremlægger i grupperne og hver gruppe foretager en anonym-afstemning, hvor man vælger det bedste argument. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l2 {mso-list-id:2136825482; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1755425496 67502105 67502105 67502107 67502095 67502105 67502107 67502095 67502105 67502107;} @list l2:level1 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l2:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l2:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;} @list l2:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> ”Hvorledes er det danske og amerikanske politiske system indrettet og hvordan træffes politiske beslutninger i henholdsvis Danmark og USA?” Konkret sammenligning af politiske systemer i henholdsvis USA og Danmark For at styrke elevernes læsefokus – kan det være en god ide at udlevere tjek-på-lektien spørgsmål til teksten i USA's Udfordringer 2.udgave. Eleverne kan bruge disse som rettesnor for, hvad de skal kigge efter i teksten, når de læser den. Tjek-på-lektien spørgsmål ligger her Timen starter med, at man i fællesskab ser interviewfilmen med professor Thomas Patterson omhandlende USA som ”to-kammer politisk system”. Den efterfølgende diskussion mellem elever og lærer kunne så tage udgangspunkt i a.Hvad er et politisk to-kammer-system? b.Hvorfor mener Patterson, at USA er et ægte to-kammer-system modsat eksempelvis Tyskland? c.Er der forskel i politiske beslutningskompetencer mellem Senatet og Repræsentanternes Hus? d.Er Danmark egentlig et to-kammmer-politisk system? e.Hvordan er det nu, at magten var fordelt mellem de tre statsmagter i Danmark? f.Er der ikke noget med, at man taler om en fjerde statsmagt (hvem er det?). g.Vi hører tit om, at der er lobbyister i USA, men er der ingen lobbyister i Danmark? (varighed ca.25 min.) Efterfølgende holder læreren et lille repetitionsoplæg vedr. beslutningsprocessen i Danmark. Her kan man anvende figurerne fra Luk Samfundet Op! eller andre grundbøger, der har illustrative modeller over den politiske lovgivningsproces, Eastons model osv.. De tre modeller, som læreren kan anvende til det videre arbejder er
(Varighed ca.25 min.) Eleverne fordeles derefter ud i grupper af ca.3 personer og skal undersøge forskelle og ligheder mellem de politiske lovgivningsprocesser i henholdsvis USA og Danmark. Fokus er primært på sammenligning af lovgivningsprocessen i de to lande. Eleverne kunne i den forbindelse arbejde med a)Hvem har initiativret til at foreslå lovgivning i Kongressen/Folketinget? b)Hvem 1.behandler de indkomne lovforslag? c)Hvilke aktører kan blande sig i den politiske lovgivningsproces (kan disse aktører blande sig før, under og/eller efter). Her må eleverne gerne søge informationer på nettet om forskellige sager, hvor det er tydeligt, at lobbyismen er stærk og påvirker. d)Hvornår bliver et lovforslag til endelig lovgivning? e)Diskuter hvad I mener, virkelig adskiller den amerikanske lovgivningsproces sig fra den danske? (kom i den forbindelse ind på de fire centrale begreber Gerrymandering, Pork Barrel, Filibuster og Veto) f)Undersøg og diskuter mulighederne for fx lobbyister til at påvirke lovgivningsforslag i henholdsvis USA og Danmark g)Diskuter hvilken rolle embedsapparatet har i forbindelse med den politisk lovgivningsproces i henholdsvis USA og Danmark – er embedsapparatet lige så stærkt i USA som det er I Danmark? Timerne afsluttes med en fælles opsamling, hvor eleverne kommer med tilbagemeldinger på deres undersøgelser og diskussioner. | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; 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9 | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; 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mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> Timen starter med en kort gennemgang af henholdsvis det demokratiske og republikanske partis historie (s.74.76 i bogen). Eleverne ved som regel det på forhånd, hvorfor de ikke behøver, at læse de 2,5 sider. I oplægget lægges vægt på partiernes holdningsmæssige ændringer over tid. Oplægget varer ca.8-10 min) Dernæst går eleverne sammen i par og besvarer følgende tekstnære spørgsmål. 1.Hvordan organiserer partierne sig? 2.Beskriv partistrukturen (brug figur 2.19) 3.Hvor ligger Demokraterne og Republikanerne på den traditionelle ”højre-venstre skala?” 4.Beskriv de fem hovedfunktioner et parti har 5.Lav en liste over hhv. liberale/demokratiske og konservative/republikanske grundværdier 6.Hvilke partisystem har vi i Danmark og hvad kan forklare, at der er mere end to partier i Folketinget? I forbindelse med spørgsmål 5 skal eleverne gå ind på bogens hjemmeside og se interview-filmen med professor Thomas Patterson omhandlende USA som to-partisystem og svare på følgende spørgsmål
(varighed ca.25 min.) Alle samles herefter i klassen og eleverne svarer på de opstillede spørgsmål. Når opsamlingen er afsluttet kan læreren stille eleverne følgende spørgsmål, som eleverne individuelt skal skrive et svar til. ”På baggrund af jeres sammenligninger af statsmagterne, lovgivningsprocessen og nu partistrukturerne i henholdsvis Danmark og USA, hvilket af de to politiske systemer vil i da mene, er det mest demokratiske (demokratisk her forstået som de idealer, som blev præsenteret for jer i henholdsvis de to interviewfilm med Fukuyama og Diamond i lektion 3-4og samt jeres viden om demokrati fra tekstboks 2.2 s.48-50.) (varighed resten af timen) OBS! Det er vigtigt, at eleverne skriver det på PC – og gemmer dokumentet på deres PC/i skyen under overskriften ”Det bedste demokrati”. 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Hvorfor er republikaneren Donald Trump og demokraten Hillary R. Clinton blevet valgt som deres respektive partiers præsidentkandidater 2016, og hvordan kan valget af de to kandidater anskues som udtryk for den politiske splittelse/polarisering, som de amerikanske vælgere og det amerikanske politiske system befinder sig i? I disse to timer skal det i særlig grad handle om polariseringen i amerikansk politik, hvilket specielt kommer til udtryk når vi kigger på de amerikanske vælgere og deres holdninger. Timen starter med, at elever og lærer i fællesskab analyserer figur 2.21 s.84 i bogen omhandlende udviklingen af amerikanske vælger-typologier.
(varighed ca.15 min.) Efter denne åbning på timen inddeles eleverne i grupper af 3 personer. Alle grupper får nu til opgave som det første at kigge tilbage på den overståede primærvalgkamp. De kan fx kigge på a)Hvilke kandidater var særligt fremtrædende i primærvalgkampene hos henholdsvis Demokraterne og Republikanerne? b)Hvorfor lykkedes det Senator Bernie Sanders at blive så populær og reelt udgøre et troværdigt demokratisk alternativ til Hillary Clinton. I den forbindelse skal I undersøge, hvilke amerikanere som stemte og støttede Sanders under demokraternes primærvalg. c)Hvorfor lykkedes det Donald Trump at vinde republikanernes præsidentnominering? I den forbindelse skal I undersøge, hvilke amerikanere som stemte og støtter Trump frem mod Præsidentvalget 8.november 2016. d)Hvorfor lykkedes det Hillary R. Clinton at vinde Demokraternes præsidentnominering. I dette års valg har man været meget interesseret i henholdsvis Trumps og Sanders vælgere men ikke så meget i Clintons. Eleverne skal derfor forsøge at identificere hvem der har stemt på og støtter Clinton. e)Hvor mange stemmer fik henholdsvis Clinton, Trump og Sanders i alt ved primærvalget og kan dette ”stemmetal” reelt fortælle os noget om det præsidentvalg i november? Dernæst får eleverne til opgave, at kigge på hvordan det ud netop nu i den amerikanske præsidentvalgkamp
Eleverne får 75 min. til arbejdet med henholdsvis primærvalget og præsidentvalget og de skal udarbejde tydelige skemaer over, hvilke grupper der har og fortsat støtter de to tilbageværende kandidater) Det er en god idé at samle op i klassen til sidst (afsæt ca.25-30 min. til denne opsamling, der kan ofte være mange spørgsmål vedr. aflæsninger af tal i forhold til tilhørsforhold osv.). | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; 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Supplerende materialer som eleverne kan arbejde med til at løse deres opgaver i forbindelse med primærvalgkampen. Klik ind på bogens hjemmeside og se forskellige interviewfilm med professor Francis Fukuyama hvor han taler omkring middelklasen, nationalisme, populisme, sociale klasser og ulighed etc. Derudover kan følgende artikler være interessante for eleverne.
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Clinton blevet valgt som deres respektive partiers præsidentkandidater 2016, og hvordan kan valget af de to kandidater anskues som udtryk for den politiske splittelse/polarisering, som de amerikanske vælgere og det amerikanske politiske system befinder sig i? Timens fokus er på, hvordan man vinder valg til Præsident og Kongressen i USA. Timen kan åbne med, at eleverne i par løser følgende opgaver
(varighed ca.10 min.) Efter eleverne i par har arbejdet selvstændigt med at finde de korrekte information laves en fælles opsamling i klassen. Dernæst kan man med udgangspunkt i figur 2.28 ”Vejen til det Hvide Hus” i fællesskab med eleverne bevæge sig fra primærvalg til præsidentvalg, herunder berører Kongresvalget (Midterm). Det kan i den forbindelse være en god idé, at vise figur 2.26 vedr. forskellen på henholdsvis flertalsvalg i enkeltmandskredse og forholdstalsvalg, da eleverne vil kunne trække på deres viden fra lektion 9 (interview-filmen med professor Thomas Patterson og den korte film fra Folketingets hjemmeside). Det kan også være en god ide at inddrage figur 2.25 i forbindelse med en kortere diskussion med eleverne om, at flere og flere primærvalg gør brug af forholdstalsmetoden, men præsidentvalget er fortsat ”winner-takes-all” metoden. (varighed ca.25 min.) I den sidste del af timen kan man arbejde lidt med, hvordan de to præsidentkandidater lige nu kæmper stenhårdt for at vinde Præsidentvalget og det gør de bl.a. ved brug af politiske-kampagner mod hinanden. I den forbindelse kan man gøre brug af denne hjemmeside som uploader de centrale kampagnevideo så snart de er ude i valgkampen. man kan afspille 3-4 stykker og lade eleverne svare på
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Clinton blevet valgt som deres respektive partiers præsidentkandidater 2016, og hvordan kan valget af de to kandidater anskues som udtryk for den politiske splittelse/polarisering, som de amerikanske vælgere og det amerikanske politiske system befinder sig i? Timen starter med at eleverne læser s.97 og noterer sig, hvilke demokratiske kritikpunkter, som præsenteres i tekstboks 2.9 s.97 (varighed ca.8 minutter + video og evt. afklaringsspørgsmål = 6 min i alt ca.15 min.). Dernæst ser alle i klassen følgende valgvideo fra 2012 med komikeren Sarah Silverman Herefter fremtager alle elever deres skriftlige tekst ”Det bedste demokrati” som de udarbejdede i lektion 9. Eleverne kigger på denne tekst og skriver nu til, om, sletter eller lignende således de føler, at deres tekst giver mening og svarer på, om Danmark eller USA har det bedste demokrati. Når eleverne har skrevet deres tekst – giver de den til personen foran/bag dem og beder dem læse og kommentere. Når alle har læst og kommenteret afsluttes denne sekvens. Det kan være en god idé for eleverne, at se interview-filmen med professor Larry Diamond, hvor han forklarer, hvordan det amerikanske demokratiske politiske system kan genvinde noget af sin styrke. Interviewet findes på bogens hjemmeside under interviewfilm. (varighed 15-20 min.) Herefter holder læreren et kortere oplæg til dagens tekst vedr. sikre stater og svingstater og lægger i den forbindelse vægt på
(20. min.) Derefter kan man sende eleverne ind alene eller i grupper og undersøge, hvordan det ser ud med de enkelte delstater lige nu – brug evt. links angivet til højre for denne kolonne.
Der afsluttes med en fælles opsamling (varighed ca.15-20 min) I den anden del af timen skal eleverne arbejde med de amerikanske vælgere og helt konkret med de demografiske vælgerdata ”Hvordan stemmer amerikanerne?”. Til det formål skal eleverne bl.a. bruge s.104-106 og de skal foretage simple beregninger som procentvis forskelle, således de kan afdække hvorvidt der er sket ændringer inden for de forskellige vælgergruppers tilslutning eller mangel på samme. Fx hvide stemmer på Republikanerne fra 2004-2012 (59-58/59*100) Når eleverne har kortlagt stemmemønstrene i tabel 2.2 ved brug af beregninger får de følgende opgave
Der sluttes af med en fælles opsamling med fokus på 1.Hvordan ser de demografiske vælgerdata ud, når vi har beregnet? 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Supplerende materiale: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> Eleverne inddeles i grupper af ca.3 personer (det muliges kunst naturligvis) og de får efterfølgende de to undervisningstimer til at komme i gang med deres skriftlige projekt omkring det Amerikanske politiske system og præsidentvalg 2016. Problemformuleringen er givet (dannet rammet omkring lektion 10-14). ”Hvorfor er republikaneren Donald Trump og demokraten Hillary R. Clinton blevet valgt som deres respektive partiers præsidentkandidater 2016, og hvordan kan valget af de to kandidater anskues som udtryk for den politiske splittelse/polarisering, som de amerikanske vælgere og det amerikanske politiske system befinder sig i?” | <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> Pensum er relevante udtræk af det faglige materiale fra undervisningsforløbet kombineret med relevant indsamlet materiale, som eleverne selv indsamler. Elevtid til projektet = 6-8 timer pr. elev og det forventede omfang er 8-10 (12) sider eksl. forside, indholdsfortegnelse og litteraturliste. Hver elev tydeliggør hvilket afsnit han eller hun er særlig ansvarlig for (dog er det sådan at gruppen er ansvarlig for hele projektet). |